A garnishment is a way for a plaintiff with a valid money judgment against individual to collect on that judgment. It does so by ordering a third party (the garnishee) to pay money that would otherwise be owed to the individual directly to the plaintiff. There are three common types of garnishments: (1) Wage Garnishments, (2) Bank Garnishments, and (3) Tax garnishments. Wage garnishments can be a shocking and traumatic event– suddenly 25% of your income disappears. Worse yet, this can be embarrassing and an inconvenience to your employer or others with whom you are dealing. Bank accounts, too, can be taken to help satisfy a money judgment and as such, are likely to be effective against many individual debtors. Finally, Income Tax Refund Garnishments, as with wage garnishments, can be taken to help satisfy a money judgment by offsetting your debt with your tax refund.
Note that sometimes, garnishments can happen without a court judgment. This is allowed wen the garnishment is for the purpose of repaying a defaulted student loan, court ordered child support, child support arrears or unpaid taxes. Further, with child support, unpaid student loans, and unpaid taxes, the amount that can be garnished is also different.
While this is an unfavorable situation, there are protections for individuals who have been subjected to a writ of garnishment. For example, it is illegal in Michigan for an employer to terminate, discipline, or refuse to hire an employee due to wage garnishment. There is also a cap on the amount of money that can be taken from you. Typically, the total amount of all garnishments may not exceed 25% of the individual’s income. Similarly, there are also exclusions to the kinds of income that can be subject to a garnishment. For example, Social Security Income may not be garnished.
If you have been served with a writ of garnishment and object to the writ, we can assist you. Once a writ of garnishment has been awarded, it is difficult to undo, but not impossible—we have successfully made objections to the courts in the past. But note, too, that an objection must be based on the one or more of the following:
- the funds or property are exempt from garnishment by law
- garnishment is precluded by the pendency of bankruptcy proceedings
- garnishment is barred by an installment payment order
- garnishment is precluded because the maximum amount permitted by law is being withheld pursuant to a higher priority garnishment or order
- the judgment has been paid
- the garnishment was not properly issued or is otherwise invalid
It also should be noted that in general, your wages, paycheck, or bank account can only be garnished if a judgment is taken against you. If you are debtor, it is not too late to protest the original debt or other obligation if you were unaware of a judgment or failed to defend a lawsuit in a timely manner. Violations of these may be grounds to properly objecting to the garnishment. For example, Social Security Income is exempt from garnishment. If any of these circumstances apply to you, you should consult with an attorney immediately.
Installment Payment Plans
Have your wages been garnished? Let us help you get the garnishment removed. If you have a judgment against you, with limited funds to pay it, we can file a motion with the court to put you on a monthly payment, setting up a repay plan that puts you on your terms, not theirs. This also helps avoid any further inconvenience to your employer or anyone else affected by the terms of the writ. Further, as a last resort, we can look into bankruptcy—this, too, will stop the garnishments.
We understand that garnishment can be frustrating and traumatic, and that addressing the problem can be painful and requires hard work. However, the sooner you face the problem, the sooner you can take care of it and make positive changes to improve your debt situation in the future. Avoiding the problem or delaying changes to your habits will only prolong the problem and make it worse.
We are here to help you.
For more information or to retain Garmo & Kiste, PLC, call us at (248) 398-7100 or send us a private message for a free consultation. We are licensed Michigan attorneys with offices in Troy, Brownstown, and Lake Orion, MI. Payment plans are available, and as always, you are under no obligation to retain our services and our advice during the consultation is free.